As the story culminates with the death of John Williams and the endowment of millions of dollars to Neil at the time of his friend's death, Neil struggles with the new life of an incredibly wealthy man. His perspective on life becomes paranoid and unsure because of his new found wealth, as is seen when he says, "Move away. And not just out of town, We're talking out of state, possibly out of the country. You can't expect to keep a lid on your secret forever; information wants to be free. Maybe buy a modest house with a good alarm system in a gated community with a private security force" (211). The fear that is evident by this type of talk shows how the sudden wealth that Neil has come upon really does not help him, but only makes his life more complicated. Also the fact that this money has come out of the death of a good friend causes more misgivings about his situation. However, although his life has been permanently altered materially, Neil's state of mind, especially when it comes to money, barely changes. His invariable attitude about money is evident when he is faced with the decision of whether or not to by a pair of reading glasses and says, "They were under $10. I'm guessing- I haven't calculated it- that I made at lest a hundred times that in interest during the time it took me to decide to buy the glasses" (212). This refreshingly frugal attitude from such a wealthy man shows how especially for Neil, no sudden happenstance of "good fortune" can change his identity as a person.
During the time after John's death, Neil takes a trip to visit John's father and apologize for being what he thought was the cause of his friend's death. After understanding that there was something gone awry with the Williams family, the testimony of John's father gives us such a clear image of the dysfunction that surrounded John's upbringing. Rand Williams, John's father, places the full blame of John's volatile nature and death on the boy's parents. Rand's summary of the blame lies in his statement, "I was mum in the face of Virginia's mental illness, and that was just a terrible mistake" (219). The recurrent motif of bystanders allowing wrong to happen is made especially clear when Mr. Williams is so transparent about his failure to stop his wife from essentially, abusing their son. This abuse that supposedly lead to John's death is described in detail throughout the chapter. In addition, the dysfunction of both mother and father that caused this abuse is apparent when Rand describes an argument that he had with his wife over whether or not she strangled their baby son when he recalls, "She wouldn't admit to what Rand suspected: that her frustration had flowed over; that she'd momentarily strangled John William... 'why is it I'm still defending myself? I won't do it a single moment longer! Go pour yourself a Dewar's and sit on the patio! Go read your sports news! Go!' He gave up" (232). Only a completely dysfunctional woman would strangle her own son, and likewise, the same dysfunction applies to a father who would not take charge of the situation. In light of this kind of upbringing, we see how badly John Williams was hurt by his parents, eventually leading to his death.
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Monday, March 16, 2009
The Other #5
As the story continues, it seems that in some way or another, dysfuncton follows Neil wherever he goes. In this instance, one of his new travel companions Erin has bipolar disorder and had been removed from school in order to protect her mental health. Jamie tells Neil about her sister's problems when she recalls, "an art-history administrator called Jamie and, in a calm, even assiduous voice, explained that Erin was having psychological difficulties, which at the moment consisted of lying despondently in bed"(59). This reminds the reader of the difficulties that Neil suffered with his mother's tumor and ensuing mental issues, and explains one of the reasons why he feels so affilial with Jamie. They both have dealt with the responsibility of caring for another who cannot care for themselves. Neil's process of falling in love with Jamie continues when he, in a slightly less than sober state, speaks with her about his entire life and ambitions as he had not spoken to her of before. Neil states, "In the end, I talked too much about myself. I told Jamie that I was going to be a writer. I celebrated train travel. The next day, on the trail-because a trail is good for privacy of thought, even when you're with other hikers- I felt ashamed of my garrulousness"(61). Because Neil worries so much about what Jamie thinks of him, we can see his character developed much more as a slightly co-dependent and worrisome person, because he cannot just be confident that this woman will like him for what he tells her about himself, not what he hides from her.
Later in the story the author switches time periods to when the two have already been married. Through Neil's description of his relationship with his wife, we visualize a rather odd couple. The two are not terribly affectionate, nor would many people see them as in love, but yet their everyday routines and quirks seem to draw them closer no matter their lack of romanticism. When the subject of Neil's life insurance money from his mother came into question, a normally difficult discussion seemed to do nothing to hurt their relationship because of their similarities. Neil says, "One thing: Jamie and I never argued about money. I'm frugal to a fault and so is she" (62). This characteristic coincides very well with what we already know about the two, that they are avid outdoorspeople and love to live on the little they have for the thrill of it. This important similarity identifies another reason why the two can be so happy together without the need of a continuous romantic spark. Their ideas on romanticism in their relationship are made evident when Neil comments on revisting the site of their matrimonial ceremony. He says, "You would think that sitting sheltered from the rain in the gazebo where you were married woulld feel romantic, and it does, but the fact that it feels romantic no longer seems, to either of us, important" (62). Their complete satisfaction with just remaining together happy but without the excitement of newlyweds shows the couple's devotion to one another and shows the reader how the things that both Neil and Jamie have had to face make them the perfect two compatible for each other.
Later in the story the author switches time periods to when the two have already been married. Through Neil's description of his relationship with his wife, we visualize a rather odd couple. The two are not terribly affectionate, nor would many people see them as in love, but yet their everyday routines and quirks seem to draw them closer no matter their lack of romanticism. When the subject of Neil's life insurance money from his mother came into question, a normally difficult discussion seemed to do nothing to hurt their relationship because of their similarities. Neil says, "One thing: Jamie and I never argued about money. I'm frugal to a fault and so is she" (62). This characteristic coincides very well with what we already know about the two, that they are avid outdoorspeople and love to live on the little they have for the thrill of it. This important similarity identifies another reason why the two can be so happy together without the need of a continuous romantic spark. Their ideas on romanticism in their relationship are made evident when Neil comments on revisting the site of their matrimonial ceremony. He says, "You would think that sitting sheltered from the rain in the gazebo where you were married woulld feel romantic, and it does, but the fact that it feels romantic no longer seems, to either of us, important" (62). Their complete satisfaction with just remaining together happy but without the excitement of newlyweds shows the couple's devotion to one another and shows the reader how the things that both Neil and Jamie have had to face make them the perfect two compatible for each other.
Sunday, March 15, 2009
The Other #4
The summer after their blood-brother pact, John and Neil take separate paths, although with similar journeys. John stays in the US but hikes his way as a vagrant through the west coast, while Neil flies to Europe and lives as a wandering writer and seemingly eccentric. Neil's fascination with living bare bones and with struggle continues in Europe. he says, "I milled on the Damrak on a surfeit of melancholy, pinching my pennies and taking notes on the pigeons, distrustful of all comers" (45). This time instead of being without food and water, Neil is without comeradery, especially in the absence of John. The reader also sees that this trip for Neil is an attempt at escape from the pain he felt with his mothers death. Neil says, "I sat... crying, because this is what had become of my mother. She'd been transmuted into an experience I was having" (45). Although it had been years since her death, this escape into another country signifies a failed attempt at escaping grief.
Neil's lack of companionship is satisfied one day when he encounters two American sisters hiking by where he is taking notes and observing the environment for his writing. These two women, Jamie and Erin, become his very close friends. Neil's purpose for going to Europe was to study his environment for writing material, but with the entrance of new friends into his life he begins to focus more on the people he is with than the places he goes. Neil recalls, "There was a gash in the knee of Jamie's wind pants, and her palms looked wind-chafed. All this is what I noticed now... instead of noticing the water in the streams, the carpeted meadows, and the crags" (53). We see Neil's lack of a mother's love in his adolescence transform into a need for a woman in his life when he falls in love with Jamie. after spending a night together and obvious attraction between the two, Neil remarks, "I was ready, from the time I was thirteen, to marry the first girl who came along" (59). Here we see that from the time his mother died, Neil had a void that he now has found the answer to in his future wife.
Neil's lack of companionship is satisfied one day when he encounters two American sisters hiking by where he is taking notes and observing the environment for his writing. These two women, Jamie and Erin, become his very close friends. Neil's purpose for going to Europe was to study his environment for writing material, but with the entrance of new friends into his life he begins to focus more on the people he is with than the places he goes. Neil recalls, "There was a gash in the knee of Jamie's wind pants, and her palms looked wind-chafed. All this is what I noticed now... instead of noticing the water in the streams, the carpeted meadows, and the crags" (53). We see Neil's lack of a mother's love in his adolescence transform into a need for a woman in his life when he falls in love with Jamie. after spending a night together and obvious attraction between the two, Neil remarks, "I was ready, from the time I was thirteen, to marry the first girl who came along" (59). Here we see that from the time his mother died, Neil had a void that he now has found the answer to in his future wife.
The Other #3
In this part of the book the time period switches to when Neil is a teacher, probably into his fifties. After describing the trails and adventures he still enjoys in his older age as in high school, he again reminisces about his adolescent adventures with John William. We see how his relationship with John has impacted his current desires in life because of the extremely strong bond the two boys had. While on a long hiking excursion, the two made a blood pact to secure a certain campsite as their own secret, as well as securing each other as blood brothers. The two young men cut their palms and, "thumbs clamped, arms crooked, the weight of each brother in a fleeting, felt balance, we mingled our blood that way" (42). The original rivalry that the two shared has completely disintegrated at this point into a shared love of nature, and even each other. This relationship seems to be one of the reasons Neil continued his nature adventures. The two high school students seemed to revel in every experience that forced them to survive by the skin of their teeth and "rough it" for weeks on end. Their joint struggle to start a fire on one of their trips seems to represent a greater struggle of theirs to hold onto the simple things in life while others take the easy road. A piece of their struggle is evident when Neil narrates, "once, I put my cheek to the ground in order to blow softly on an ember, which went out. At that moment, I thought I was responsible for our failure" (41). This fear of failure transcends his outdoor adventures and into his relationships, as we can see as the book continues.
Earlier in the book the dysfunction in John William's family was made evident. A similar declaration of familial imperfection also happens on Neil's side of the story. While John William's mother suffered from severe OCD and such social and mental complications arising from that, Neil's mother suffered from "Grade 4 astocytoma- an aggressive brain tumor-that didn't take long to blind and kill her" (43). It is even more evident now how the two young men got along, what with their similar loss and probably fears because of it. The boys also seem to share a similar outward indifference to the death or loss they experienced. For Neil, during his mother's wake, there is no mention of him crying. He simply stated about his mother's face, "My mother in death had a mischievous regard" (44). This also shows Neil's detached method of observance that he uses later in his life to prepare for being a writer. It is assumed that when someone loses a parent, they will feel incredible grief over the matter. I do believe that Neil felt this grief, but for some reason was not able to express it in a way that would make his pain visible to those around him. I think that one of the ways he escapes pain such as what he felt at his mother's death is losing himself in the wildlands that he loves so much.
Earlier in the book the dysfunction in John William's family was made evident. A similar declaration of familial imperfection also happens on Neil's side of the story. While John William's mother suffered from severe OCD and such social and mental complications arising from that, Neil's mother suffered from "Grade 4 astocytoma- an aggressive brain tumor-that didn't take long to blind and kill her" (43). It is even more evident now how the two young men got along, what with their similar loss and probably fears because of it. The boys also seem to share a similar outward indifference to the death or loss they experienced. For Neil, during his mother's wake, there is no mention of him crying. He simply stated about his mother's face, "My mother in death had a mischievous regard" (44). This also shows Neil's detached method of observance that he uses later in his life to prepare for being a writer. It is assumed that when someone loses a parent, they will feel incredible grief over the matter. I do believe that Neil felt this grief, but for some reason was not able to express it in a way that would make his pain visible to those around him. I think that one of the ways he escapes pain such as what he felt at his mother's death is losing himself in the wildlands that he loves so much.
Monday, March 9, 2009
The Other
As the book continues, more is divulged about the complex character of John Williams. In one instance we see his quirks through the context of a paper that he was required to write for his Identity Crisis class on one of a few available choices. Although between the 3 very varied options a person could find something they wished to research and study, John Williams decided instead to write a forty-seven page paper on gnosticism. His teacher is quoted as saying, "All this gnosis, this very disturbing gnosis, this darkness and pessmism, this spiritual dread" (24). Here we can see how John's circumstances have caused him to take on an almost hopeless attitude in every aspect of his life. His over confidence to write a paper that was not even related to the required topics shows his conceitedness that he can do no wrong. This thought is struck down by his teacher when she writes on his paper, "While this is well done, you haven't followed the assignment... F" (24). Because Williams felt like he had leeway with his favorite teacher he assumed he was immune to any such criticism, showing how prideful he is.
John William's disturbances are made more clear further on in the book. He and Neil decided to climb a glaciated mountain without many provisions besides their candy bars and hash pipes. When the two came upon a huge crevasse without a way around, John Williams states, "Screw it. Let's die young" (26). This obviously dark way of thinking seems to foreshadow future events in John's life that may cause him to actually die young instead of just wish it. John's disturbed thought process continues when he responds to Neils desire to not jump with, "What if I'd rather be dead than not jump?... What would be the point of living?" (26). The way John Williams thinks really gives us glimpses into his painful life and how he prefers the idea of a glorious suicide than not taking a completely foolish risk.
Citation:
Guterson, David. The Other. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
John William's disturbances are made more clear further on in the book. He and Neil decided to climb a glaciated mountain without many provisions besides their candy bars and hash pipes. When the two came upon a huge crevasse without a way around, John Williams states, "Screw it. Let's die young" (26). This obviously dark way of thinking seems to foreshadow future events in John's life that may cause him to actually die young instead of just wish it. John's disturbed thought process continues when he responds to Neils desire to not jump with, "What if I'd rather be dead than not jump?... What would be the point of living?" (26). The way John Williams thinks really gives us glimpses into his painful life and how he prefers the idea of a glorious suicide than not taking a completely foolish risk.
Citation:
Guterson, David. The Other. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
Wednesday, March 4, 2009
The Other
The book that I chose for this quarter is called The Other, by David Guterson. This book surrounds the lives of the young man Neil and his friend John William. The two met each other through a track competition where John beat Neil in the last part of the race. Although Neil held slight contempt for the other teen because of getting beat, after reuniting later the two became best friends. Their relationship centered around being rebellious and pushing the envelope in whatever way they could. For instance Neil discovered that, "John William had dope in his car," and the two frequently got high together (11). Next to substance abuse the two also engaged in misdemeanor crimes to satiate their need to rebel. One night they decided to rob wishing wells of the change inside of them, just for the thrill of it (12). This behavior of the teenagers characterizes them well as classic rebels who will look for any opportunity to validate themselves through mischief, and attempt to show the world around them that they are tough and carefree.
In contrast with this careless and rough attitude of the young men, we get a glimpse deeper into the mind of John Williams when, after assaulting a policeman to escape from arrest at the fountain, he feels terrible remorse for hurting the man. After running far enough away to be safe from anyone following them from the fountain, John has an emotional breakdown and sobs for what he did. He cried, "We should go back... I want to take him to a hospital. I have to apologize" (14). The sudden contrast between the two sides of John Williams make the reader ponder whether the effects of the drugs are responsible for such mood changes, or whether John has other issues in his life that are making him behave so erratically. We do learn later that the Williams family suffered odd circumstances that may have caused their son to behave as he is, like for instance the fact that his mother was obsessive compulsive to the point of needing to go into a mental facility. At one point the mother, Ginnie, drove John William to the sea to escape the "poison" that was being applied to their house to weather treat the basement. After abandoning him in the car for the entire night, she was found later in the morning sitting by the ocean trying to cleanse herself. We see the mother's unstable state when she says to her own husband, "Move away, Rand... You're poisonous" (17). This trouble at home could as well be a reason for John's rare behavior.
Citation:
Guterson, David. The Other. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
In contrast with this careless and rough attitude of the young men, we get a glimpse deeper into the mind of John Williams when, after assaulting a policeman to escape from arrest at the fountain, he feels terrible remorse for hurting the man. After running far enough away to be safe from anyone following them from the fountain, John has an emotional breakdown and sobs for what he did. He cried, "We should go back... I want to take him to a hospital. I have to apologize" (14). The sudden contrast between the two sides of John Williams make the reader ponder whether the effects of the drugs are responsible for such mood changes, or whether John has other issues in his life that are making him behave so erratically. We do learn later that the Williams family suffered odd circumstances that may have caused their son to behave as he is, like for instance the fact that his mother was obsessive compulsive to the point of needing to go into a mental facility. At one point the mother, Ginnie, drove John William to the sea to escape the "poison" that was being applied to their house to weather treat the basement. After abandoning him in the car for the entire night, she was found later in the morning sitting by the ocean trying to cleanse herself. We see the mother's unstable state when she says to her own husband, "Move away, Rand... You're poisonous" (17). This trouble at home could as well be a reason for John's rare behavior.
Citation:
Guterson, David. The Other. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.
Thursday, January 15, 2009
Warriors Don't Cry, final post
In the last section of Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals, the students have finally found ways to combat the atrocities of their white schoolmates. One of the strategies was given to Melba by her grandmother when she told her, "Take, for example, this egg in your hair. Suppose you'd have told the boys who did this, 'Thank you,' with a smile. Then you've changed the rules of the game. What they want is for you to be unhappy" (242). This idea gives Melba a hope that she can fight in a way that would not cause her to be punished by the school, but still effectively shake the racist student body. Melba tries out this tactic and recounts her experience in her diary when she writes, "I got hit across the back with a tennis racquet. I managed to smile and say, 'Thank you.' Andy said, 'What did you say, nigger?' I repeated, 'Thank you very much.' I spit up blood in the rest room" (246). Melba finishes the thought in her diary with, "I think the warrior only exists in me now. Melba went away to hide. She was too frightened to stay here" (246). Melba's complete transformation into a machine of non-emotion and an inhuman like sense of calm to her assaults show how she has been hardened by the segregation experience and learned to cope with her harsh environment.
Towards the end of the book the students are almost to the point of graduation although not all make it that far. When Melba reads an article in the newspaper that talks about a news reporter who received two Pulitzer Prizes simply for documenting the CHS integration, Melba wondered,"when we would get big prizes for what we were doing. After all, this guy was just observing our troubles from afar and writing about them. Not once did I see him spend a day in hell with us" (291). This quote shows Melba's frustration with the public's lack of acknowledgment to the heroics of the Little Rock Nine, but also foreshadows the great awards that they would receive in their future as adults, far removed from the halls of Central High. In her adult years, Melba reflects on the decisions of the NAACP that caused her to integrate Central High. She writes, "I wondered how in their minds they justified such an act. As an adult, I believe had it been me driving, I would have kept going rather than allow my children to face that rampaging mob. And yet had we students not gone to school that day, perhaps the integration of Central, and a whole string of other Southern schools that eventually followed, would never have taken place" (309). Here Melba can see the importance of the struggles she went to and the effect that they have had. Trying to imagine our society without the integration that she and the other 9 instigated, it is a sad and pitiful picture. Her acts have brought a greater amount of acceptance into our school systems, workforce, and every day life. It is an understatement to say that Melba Pattillo Beals was a heroine for our country.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Towards the end of the book the students are almost to the point of graduation although not all make it that far. When Melba reads an article in the newspaper that talks about a news reporter who received two Pulitzer Prizes simply for documenting the CHS integration, Melba wondered,"when we would get big prizes for what we were doing. After all, this guy was just observing our troubles from afar and writing about them. Not once did I see him spend a day in hell with us" (291). This quote shows Melba's frustration with the public's lack of acknowledgment to the heroics of the Little Rock Nine, but also foreshadows the great awards that they would receive in their future as adults, far removed from the halls of Central High. In her adult years, Melba reflects on the decisions of the NAACP that caused her to integrate Central High. She writes, "I wondered how in their minds they justified such an act. As an adult, I believe had it been me driving, I would have kept going rather than allow my children to face that rampaging mob. And yet had we students not gone to school that day, perhaps the integration of Central, and a whole string of other Southern schools that eventually followed, would never have taken place" (309). Here Melba can see the importance of the struggles she went to and the effect that they have had. Trying to imagine our society without the integration that she and the other 9 instigated, it is a sad and pitiful picture. Her acts have brought a greater amount of acceptance into our school systems, workforce, and every day life. It is an understatement to say that Melba Pattillo Beals was a heroine for our country.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Tuesday, January 6, 2009
Warriors Don't Cry
Throughout her days at Central High, Beals recalls much more discouragement and strife than progress. I can hardly imagine the emotional exhaustion that the students must have had from attending a school where almost the entire student body hated them without knowing a thing about them. Melba's discouragement even grew to the point of manifesting itself as illness. She said, "I stayed in bed all day Sunday, telling myself I was ill, but the truth was I was partially suffering from downhearted blues... With my head under the covers... I cried myself to sleep. I know I am fighting for a good cause... but will it really make a difference?" (181). I know that if I had been in Melba's position I would not have been able to stand the cruelty and continue fighting as she did. Her brief bout with what seems like depression is very mild compared to what could have been, which indicates her strong character. One event that was a great discouragement to the Little Rock Nine was the gradual removal of the armed forces that protected them throughout their day at school. A newspaper informed the families that, "101st DIVISION UT BACK FORCE TODAY; 1/2 GOING BACK TO KENTUCKY... The announcement of their departure to Kentucky gave segregationists reason to celebrate, and it was eident in the students who bragged about their renewed hope of getting rid of us" (182). Since the students were now in more danger at school than they had ever been before, it seems reasonable that they would prefer to give up. However, despite the huge danger they faced, they continued to suffer through the day to make history.
Discouragement was even more evident inside the walls of Central High. When one of the black students, Minnijean Brown wanted to participate in the school talent show, parents of the white students complained to the point of banning the girl from the program. In a newspaper article the students were told, "that we should not be allowed to participate in any extra-curricular activities" (202). This exclusion from any other activity shows the failure of the school to actually support integration. Another instance where Minnijean was deeply hurt was, "When one girl pretended to befriend Minnijean, only to betray her a short time later, Minnijean was crushed. She cried in front of school officials. That's when I knew she must be on the edge, because it wasn't like her to show her vulnerability in front of white people" (214). This practice of some students of pretending to be friends with the black students only to lure them into a vulnerable position to be either physically or emotionally abused is probably one of the most debilitating tactics of cruelty. Because they knew any person who was nice to them presently may at any point betray them took away any possibility for them to have trusting friendships with white people.
Discouragement was even more evident inside the walls of Central High. When one of the black students, Minnijean Brown wanted to participate in the school talent show, parents of the white students complained to the point of banning the girl from the program. In a newspaper article the students were told, "that we should not be allowed to participate in any extra-curricular activities" (202). This exclusion from any other activity shows the failure of the school to actually support integration. Another instance where Minnijean was deeply hurt was, "When one girl pretended to befriend Minnijean, only to betray her a short time later, Minnijean was crushed. She cried in front of school officials. That's when I knew she must be on the edge, because it wasn't like her to show her vulnerability in front of white people" (214). This practice of some students of pretending to be friends with the black students only to lure them into a vulnerable position to be either physically or emotionally abused is probably one of the most debilitating tactics of cruelty. Because they knew any person who was nice to them presently may at any point betray them took away any possibility for them to have trusting friendships with white people.
Sunday, January 4, 2009
Warriors Don't Cry
The battle to integrate continues when President Eisenhower calls on the 101st Airborne Division to enforce the integration and protect the nine students from mobs and other dangers. This event was a huge success for the black community, and especially for the parents of the Little Rock Nine. Grandma India celebrated the moment and said,"More of God's handiwork... Who'd a thought Mr. Faubus' mistreatment of our nine little children would bring the President and the 101st down on his head" (127). Saying this amidst tears, Melba's loving grandmother understands the importance of this decision of the president not only to protect the nine, but to champion the cause of integration. It seems that for a time the successes only grow. Soon after the guard arrived, the students were able to attend Central High School. Beals reminisces, "Step by step we climbed upward-where none of my people had ever before walked as a student. We stepped up to the fron door of Central High School and crossed the threshold into that place where angry segregationist mobs had forbidden us to go" (133). This first push into the school begins a new chapter of adventure and abuse for the students as they now face the hatred of the children of the mobs who kept them out for so long.
As there were innumerable instances of racism that the students faced, they had opportunities to show their character as strong crusaders and stand up for their people. One of these instances occurred when Melba was asked if she would rather be white by a reporter and responded, "Do you wish you were Negro?...I'm proud of who I am. My color is inconvenient right now, but it won't always be like this" (144). The stand Melba took was so powerful as to cause a nearby African American journalist to ask Melba to write about her experiences and further the public's understanding of what the Little Rock Nine faced in Central High School. Through physical as well as verbal abuse, Melba was forced to stand above it and prove herself to be better than the hooligans who tormented her. After being attacked by a group of boys and kicked in the shins and stomach, Melba struggled to stand. Her bodyguard Danny encouraged her, "Stand tall... let's move out" (148). Although she had just been knocked to the ground and greatly injured, Melba could not afford to show a weakness because of her already dangerous situation. This need to be super-humanly strong physically drained all of the students, but was imperative to their success and survival.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
As there were innumerable instances of racism that the students faced, they had opportunities to show their character as strong crusaders and stand up for their people. One of these instances occurred when Melba was asked if she would rather be white by a reporter and responded, "Do you wish you were Negro?...I'm proud of who I am. My color is inconvenient right now, but it won't always be like this" (144). The stand Melba took was so powerful as to cause a nearby African American journalist to ask Melba to write about her experiences and further the public's understanding of what the Little Rock Nine faced in Central High School. Through physical as well as verbal abuse, Melba was forced to stand above it and prove herself to be better than the hooligans who tormented her. After being attacked by a group of boys and kicked in the shins and stomach, Melba struggled to stand. Her bodyguard Danny encouraged her, "Stand tall... let's move out" (148). Although she had just been knocked to the ground and greatly injured, Melba could not afford to show a weakness because of her already dangerous situation. This need to be super-humanly strong physically drained all of the students, but was imperative to their success and survival.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Warriors Don't Cry
As the characters in this book experience such incredible hatred and racism from the segregationists, it becomes very interesting to see how they cope with these attacks. In one instance, a shooting occurred outside Melba's house, and bullet holes penetrated their family room walls. Grandma India fixes the situation by covering up the marks with a picture, saying, "Won't do to have bullet holes in the wall... Somebody will stop by and want us to explain it. We can't make a big deal out of what happened last night, you know" (66). The attitude that Grandma India takes is to simply brush the incident aside and forget, which could eventually harm Melba's psyche by not allowing her to process the events that happen in this important part of her life. Although this may harm her, Melba takes a similar approach of ignoring what is wrong around her. Although she knows it is unsafe, she makes up her mind to ignore the danger and try to be a regular person. Melba says in her diary, "I won't think of the white people. i will spend the whole day finding the perfect disguise to wear to the wrestling matches. No matter what, I'm gonna be a regular person" (76). Considering her situation of being cooped up at home for her own safety, Melba's desire to sneak out and feel free again is completely understandable, even to the point of risking her own safety.
Another element that is evident in this book is the confusion that Melba feels with white people. Some were so radically vicious towards her, while others were decent people. During a small meeting over the issue of the integration, a white reporter asked Melba a question and addressed her politely. Melba then thought, "Miss... It was the first time anybody white had ever called me Miss. They cared what I thought" (88). The mixed feelings about white people are obvious considering the screaming mobs that Melba had faced, in comparison to the people who kindly considered her feelings as important. Melba continues her thought processing of the nature of white people further into the novel as well. In her diary she writes, "Today is the first time in my life I felt equal to white people. I want more of that feeling. I'll do whatever I have to do to keep feeling equal all the time" (90). This promise to herself establishes Melba even more as a heroine. Once she experiences what is right, she is willing to do anything to achieve that permanently, in this case to continue the integration of Central High.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Another element that is evident in this book is the confusion that Melba feels with white people. Some were so radically vicious towards her, while others were decent people. During a small meeting over the issue of the integration, a white reporter asked Melba a question and addressed her politely. Melba then thought, "Miss... It was the first time anybody white had ever called me Miss. They cared what I thought" (88). The mixed feelings about white people are obvious considering the screaming mobs that Melba had faced, in comparison to the people who kindly considered her feelings as important. Melba continues her thought processing of the nature of white people further into the novel as well. In her diary she writes, "Today is the first time in my life I felt equal to white people. I want more of that feeling. I'll do whatever I have to do to keep feeling equal all the time" (90). This promise to herself establishes Melba even more as a heroine. Once she experiences what is right, she is willing to do anything to achieve that permanently, in this case to continue the integration of Central High.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Thursday, January 1, 2009
Outside Reading 2: Warriors Don't Cry
I have chosen to switch my outside reading book from John Adams to Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals. This is a compelling memoir about the authors struggle to integrate Little Rock Arkansas' Central High School. One of the major themes in this book is the persecution and abuse of black Americans in Little Rock and other places. This abuse instilled a fear into the hearts of many African Americans who even after successful integration felt unsafe in the town. According to one of the Little Rock Nine who integrated Central High, returning to Little Rock was "Frightening... most uf us have rarely come back to Arkansas as adults... I have only found the strength to visit five times in thirty years because of the uneasy feeling the city gives me" (xxi). This sentiment seems to be shared by many of the people who face or have faced persecution from the white people all around them. Another example of this poor treatment of black people is evident in the circumstances surrounding Melba Pattillo Beals' birth. She had a terrible illness as a baby and was about to die, until her mother overheard the treatment that her daughter was supposed to have recieved in order to survive. After asking the nurse about this treatment, the white woman replied "yes, come to think of it, the doctor had said something about Epsom salts. But we don't coddle nigggers" (5). This woman's hatred towards black people clouded her judgement so much that she would not even care for an innocent baby who was about to die.
This abuse lead to a desire to reform their society, launching Melba Pattillo into an even more dangerous and risky world. She was encouraged by the words of her grandmother to fight for her rights and change what is wrong in the world. "Even when the battle is long and the path is steep, a true warrior does not give up. If each one of us does not step forward to claim our rights, we are doomed to an eternal wait in hopes those who would usurp them will become benevolent" (3). Pattillo lived by this mantra and used it as encouragement for the difficult times she would face in her struggle to change the status quo of race relations. Whether she completely understood her fight at the time, Melba Pattillo pushed the race boundary at an early age. As a young girl she decided to enter the "white ladies'" restroom instead of walking all the way to the "colored" restroom, causing havoc to break out in the store she was in. The police got involved and called, "I'm demanding you'all get out here right now. I'm with the Little Rock police. Don't make us come in after you" (19). Her early experience in racial discrimination and the extreme lengths that people will take it prepared her for her future as a radical challenger of her society, and provides a picture of the continuous struggles that she faced.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
This abuse lead to a desire to reform their society, launching Melba Pattillo into an even more dangerous and risky world. She was encouraged by the words of her grandmother to fight for her rights and change what is wrong in the world. "Even when the battle is long and the path is steep, a true warrior does not give up. If each one of us does not step forward to claim our rights, we are doomed to an eternal wait in hopes those who would usurp them will become benevolent" (3). Pattillo lived by this mantra and used it as encouragement for the difficult times she would face in her struggle to change the status quo of race relations. Whether she completely understood her fight at the time, Melba Pattillo pushed the race boundary at an early age. As a young girl she decided to enter the "white ladies'" restroom instead of walking all the way to the "colored" restroom, causing havoc to break out in the store she was in. The police got involved and called, "I'm demanding you'all get out here right now. I'm with the Little Rock police. Don't make us come in after you" (19). Her early experience in racial discrimination and the extreme lengths that people will take it prepared her for her future as a radical challenger of her society, and provides a picture of the continuous struggles that she faced.
Citation:
Beals, Melba Pattillo. Warriors Don't Cry. New York: Washington Square Press, 1994.
Wednesday, December 10, 2008
On the Waterfront
In the beginning of the movie On the Waterfront, the character Terry believes that to inform police about the crimes of the mob is to snitch and be a traitor. This mindset continues while Terry has not himself been deeply scarred by the actions of the mobsters. For instance, when he got to know Edy, even though he loved her, at first he would not tell her his responsibility in her brother's death. Because he valued his relationship with the mobsters over telling Edy the truth, he kept "deaf and dumb". This attitude changes completely when the mob has turned its anger towards Terry personally. After Terry sees that his brother Charlie has been murdered by the mob, he forgets his past fear of being a rat and decides to take it out on the mob himself. When the priest sees his desire to hurt the mob and persuades him to tell the truth in court, Terry seriously considers telling the truth for the first time. This change of attitude shows that only when Terry felt that he had nothing more to lose did he make the decision to stand up for the truth.
Personally, I believe that in almost every instance someone should choose to stand up for the truth. However, I do think that someone is a snitch when they tell on people for trivial things that really have no importance in the long run. If someone's actions are wrong, but they are only hurting themselves, then I think a person shouldn't tell on them because the repercussions of the other person's actions are punishment enough. If however someone's actions were affecting the rest of society or even a small number of other people, I think that it is important to bring the truth into the light. This may be difficult to do and would certainly take courage to face the person one is telling about, but I believe that it is necessary to put yourself in a bit of danger to protect others.
Personally, I believe that in almost every instance someone should choose to stand up for the truth. However, I do think that someone is a snitch when they tell on people for trivial things that really have no importance in the long run. If someone's actions are wrong, but they are only hurting themselves, then I think a person shouldn't tell on them because the repercussions of the other person's actions are punishment enough. If however someone's actions were affecting the rest of society or even a small number of other people, I think that it is important to bring the truth into the light. This may be difficult to do and would certainly take courage to face the person one is telling about, but I believe that it is necessary to put yourself in a bit of danger to protect others.
Thursday, December 4, 2008
Ethics in All My Sons
In the play All My Sons, Joe Keller has a very strong opinion about the importance of family. When it is uncovered that he was guilty in shipping out over one hundred faulty cylinder heads that resulted in the death of 21 men, Keller attempts so justify his actions by stating his motive. He responded to the astonishment from his son Chris with, "Chris... Chris, I did it for you, it was a chance and I took it for you. I'm sixty-one years old, when would I have another chance to make something for you?" (70). Because Joe Keller thought that it was a sufficient excuse for his crime to have done it for his son, we see that in his mind he was doing the right thing. His definition of the "right thing" consists of caring for his own, so he would rather provide for his son than save the pilots and lose his business. In the case of George Deever, he also values his family over society. Because George found out that Joe Keller had ruined his own father's life, he thinks that it is more important to keep his family intact than to allow his sister Ann to marry into the Keller family. He makes this evident when he confronts Ann in front of Chris, "You're not marrying him... Because his father destroyed your family" (53). Society in this case is Ann and Chris, and although he loves his sister, George values keeping his family clean of the Kellers over anyone's emotions.
In life there is an appropriate time to value the needs of society over family, and a time to value the needs of a family over society. I believe that in most cases, the needs of society as a whole should be valued above family needs. I disagree with Joe Keller's ethical stance in All My Sons. Although he justified hurting society by helping his family, I believe that if there was ever a risk to someone's life who isn't family, then the choice should be made to put the wishes of the family aside to help society. I also believe that if one had to make the decision between causing the death of a large number of people they don't know, and a family member, they should be willing to sacrifice their family to save many more people. This is because all of those strangers have families too, and if fewer people had to mourn loss of life, that is better than being selfish and causing many people grief. However, it is necessary to put the needs of family over society when society is wrong. For example, during the Holocaust it would be better for people to take care of their families and hide them versus complying with society and getting killed. Although there is no distinct way to tell when to help society or family, I believe that a person's conscience will generally instruct them in the way they should go.
In life there is an appropriate time to value the needs of society over family, and a time to value the needs of a family over society. I believe that in most cases, the needs of society as a whole should be valued above family needs. I disagree with Joe Keller's ethical stance in All My Sons. Although he justified hurting society by helping his family, I believe that if there was ever a risk to someone's life who isn't family, then the choice should be made to put the wishes of the family aside to help society. I also believe that if one had to make the decision between causing the death of a large number of people they don't know, and a family member, they should be willing to sacrifice their family to save many more people. This is because all of those strangers have families too, and if fewer people had to mourn loss of life, that is better than being selfish and causing many people grief. However, it is necessary to put the needs of family over society when society is wrong. For example, during the Holocaust it would be better for people to take care of their families and hide them versus complying with society and getting killed. Although there is no distinct way to tell when to help society or family, I believe that a person's conscience will generally instruct them in the way they should go.
Thursday, November 13, 2008
Outside Reading: John Adams
This book is a biography about the life and works of John Adams, a vice president and later president of the United States, along with being an incredibly influential person surrounding the constitutional writings of the new country. In the beginning of the book, the author takes a very descriptive view of John Adams as if he were alive today, posing directly in front of us. When referencing his appearance, McCullough writes, "Dismounted, he stood five feet seven or eight inches tall - about 'middle-size' in that day - and though verging on portly, he had a straight-up, square-shouldered stance and was, in fact, surprisingly fit and solid. His hands were the hands of a man accustomed to pruning his own trees, cutting his own hay, and splitting his own firewood" (18). Not only does this quote give us a vivid description of John Adam's looks, but also a glimpse into his character. By stating that Adams was a man to do his own work we can see that he was a man of pride, as well as old-fashioned values. Throughout the characterization of John Adams, McCullough also includes glimpses into his way of thinking and opinions of mankind. McCullough does this by describing the various authors that fascinated Adams, "He read Cicero, Tacitus, and others of his Roman heroes in Latin, and Plato and Thucydides in the original Greek, which he considered the supreme language. But in his need to fathom the 'labyrinth' of human nature, as he said, he was drawn to Shakespeare and Swift, and likely to carry Cervantes or a volume of English poetry with him on his journeys" (19). By describing what literature most intrigued Adams and his response to it, we can connect with him personally through the allusions to other literary works that are available for our own reading and learning. We also get a clear picture of John Adams as a very studious, reflective, and intelligent man.
Although many people are somewhat aware of the circumstances that surrounded the writing of the Declaration of Independence, McCullough makes it a point to show us how difficult the time was for many people, including John and his relationship with his wife Abigail. Because Adams was required to travel to Philadelphia for the convening of the Continental Congress, he was separated from his wife for very long periods of time. McCullough uses their personal correspondence during this time to give us an intimate view into their relationship and respect for each other. In one quote from Abigail to her husband we can see how loyal of a wife she is, "Winter makes its approaches fast... I hope I shall not be obliged to spend it without my dearest friend... I have been like a nun in a cloister ever since you went away" (21). The reference to her husband as her "dearest friend" is an obvious example of the love they shared, as well as a tribute to John Adam's character that even though he must be absent for sometimes months on end, Abigail never faltered in her esteem for him. In another instance of quoting the couple's correspondence, McCullough uses their conversation to describe the current situation of the country. When Abigail had requested John buy her pins, the lack thereof described shows how bare the country was of many simple items. In her letter she wrote, "The cry for pins is so great that what we used to buy for 7 shillings and six pence are now 20 shillings and not to be had for that" (21). By using the Adam's personal writings to elaborate on the situation at the time, we as readers get a very personal view of the life they were required to live.
Citation:
McCullough, David. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Although many people are somewhat aware of the circumstances that surrounded the writing of the Declaration of Independence, McCullough makes it a point to show us how difficult the time was for many people, including John and his relationship with his wife Abigail. Because Adams was required to travel to Philadelphia for the convening of the Continental Congress, he was separated from his wife for very long periods of time. McCullough uses their personal correspondence during this time to give us an intimate view into their relationship and respect for each other. In one quote from Abigail to her husband we can see how loyal of a wife she is, "Winter makes its approaches fast... I hope I shall not be obliged to spend it without my dearest friend... I have been like a nun in a cloister ever since you went away" (21). The reference to her husband as her "dearest friend" is an obvious example of the love they shared, as well as a tribute to John Adam's character that even though he must be absent for sometimes months on end, Abigail never faltered in her esteem for him. In another instance of quoting the couple's correspondence, McCullough uses their conversation to describe the current situation of the country. When Abigail had requested John buy her pins, the lack thereof described shows how bare the country was of many simple items. In her letter she wrote, "The cry for pins is so great that what we used to buy for 7 shillings and six pence are now 20 shillings and not to be had for that" (21). By using the Adam's personal writings to elaborate on the situation at the time, we as readers get a very personal view of the life they were required to live.
Citation:
McCullough, David. John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Tuesday, October 28, 2008
Moon Rover
This week I read an article about a brand new moon rover that NASA is calling the "Chariot". Compared to lunar vehicles in the past, this piece of machinery is incredibly high-tech and thought out. It includes six wheel drive, an attached pressurized cabin and technology akin to that of SUVs for stability and maneuverability. Past crafts or "buggies" faced a few issues in navigation and traveling capabilities; for instance that the buggy could barely travel 7 miles an hour, did not have rechargable batteries, which in turn restricted its roaming range to less than a 5 mile radius. NASA hopes to put a new team of astronauts back on the moon by 2020, although they may be facing delays after the election this November. Both candidates propose to hold off on lunar exploration. Barack Obama suggests a delay of 5 years so that the money can be used for an educational reform, and John McCain plans to hold off for a year to reduce the federal defecit. No matter when this project gets to actually reach the moon, scientists are continueing to test and improve it. It is currently being test driven through moon-like terrain in Arizona by former lunar buggy drivers so that NASA can get the best imput in design. I found this article quite interesting because space exploration is very important for scientific developement in our society, and it would be really exciting to see more austronauts reach the moon. I was also surprised to find political connections in this article considering the important election we are about to have. Especially for that reason, I would recommend this article to someone who would like more information on the plans of either of the presidential candidates in regard to the scientific future of the US.
LINK to article
LINK to article
Thursday, October 23, 2008
Wednesday, October 22, 2008
Photography: The Rule of Thirds
I read an article from a photography help site that was about simple things someone can do with their pictures to make them look professional. This article was about the "Rule of Thirds" that can be applied to any camera or used by anyone no matter what skill level. The basic concept is to imagine a three-by-three "tic-tac-toe" grid in the viewfinder of the camera, and line up the subject with one of the lines, making sure to keep it away from the center of the shot. With less obvious subjects like landscapes, especially those with horizons, the same rules apply by simply placing the horizon on one of the grid lines. One method the author Phil Pivnick suggests for learning the grid method is to analyze pictures, either professional or just ones that you like, by drawing the grid on them to visualize how the method works. The "Rule of Thirds" works well for novice photographers, because it is a simple way to improve the appearance of casual pictures and make candid moments become actually pleasant to look at. I found this article very interesting and even helpful for myself, because I enjoy taking pictures very much but have never known any ways to improve them without upgrading equipment or taking classes and such. Now that I am aware of it I will be conscious of this method every time I use a camera, and I believe will enjoy taking pictures much more. I would definitely recommend this article to anyone who is interested in a quick fix for their photography skills.
Link: Photography Rule of Thirds
Link: Photography Rule of Thirds
Monday, October 6, 2008
India's New Buddhists
This Time Magazine article is about a new sect of Buddhism that is flourishing in New Delhi, India. This Buddhist movement is called Soka Gakkai, and is becoming very popular among the more wealthy people of India and surrounding areas. Because early Buddhism focuses on an almost deprived life and rejection of many worldly things, it was not very attractive to the wealthier people groups. Soka Gakkai emphasises "personal affirmation, positive thinking, and the basic Buddhist principles of peace and non-violence" (1). Composed mainly of doctors, scientists and other well-learned people, they meet in members' homes to have community time to simply talk about the struggles of their lives.
Not only Soka Gakkai, but other forms of Buddhism have arisen in India. In these cases, people choose elements of Buddhism like meditation or chanting to take part in, but continue to observe the holidays and traditions they had in the past. This allows people to be part of the Buddhist philosophy while not leaving their family heritage or favorite holiday past times behind. For instance, someone who practices Hinduism could take up Buddhist meditation and not give up their first religion. Because the many new developments in Buddhism, the population of Buddhists have reached high numbers in India. Although the last census recorded a 1.7% Buddhist population, with India's vast number of people that 1.7% is actually 170 million people.
I think that this article was fascinating, especially because I am learning about Buddhism in many areas of school right now. It was valuable to see how the religion is adapting to the current needs of people in different countries, because that makes it applicable to many more people. I would definitely recommend this article to someone because of its understandable and worthwhile information.
Article Link
Not only Soka Gakkai, but other forms of Buddhism have arisen in India. In these cases, people choose elements of Buddhism like meditation or chanting to take part in, but continue to observe the holidays and traditions they had in the past. This allows people to be part of the Buddhist philosophy while not leaving their family heritage or favorite holiday past times behind. For instance, someone who practices Hinduism could take up Buddhist meditation and not give up their first religion. Because the many new developments in Buddhism, the population of Buddhists have reached high numbers in India. Although the last census recorded a 1.7% Buddhist population, with India's vast number of people that 1.7% is actually 170 million people.
I think that this article was fascinating, especially because I am learning about Buddhism in many areas of school right now. It was valuable to see how the religion is adapting to the current needs of people in different countries, because that makes it applicable to many more people. I would definitely recommend this article to someone because of its understandable and worthwhile information.
Article Link
Thursday, October 2, 2008
Thoughts on Homer (Question #1)
I believe that by observing the Homeric characters in The Odyssey, Homer displays an obvious tendency towards sexism. Among the mortal female characters in the poem, they all seem to follow a stereotypical female pattern. For instance, Helen is remembered in The Odyssey by her flighty and unwise behavior from The Iliad. When Telemachus dines with Menelaus and Helen, she reminds us yet again the bad decisions she made to run away with Paris. However, no mention is given to the fact that it was Paris who urged her to leave. This shows us how a focus is put on the role that Helen had in the war, and does not fairly balance out the blame that should be spread between the sexes. The main female mortal in The Odyssey is Penelope, the faithful and adoring wife of Odysseus. Sexism in Homer's writing is revealed when Penelope grieves for, and remains true to her husband while she is surrounded by a crowd of adoring men. Not to mention that there was a serious possibility that her husband, gone for twenty years, is dead. At the same time that Penelope is remaining faithful, Odysseus can't even resist his hostage keeper. While he is stranded on Calypo's island, it is made quite clear that Odysseus did not honor his wife, but slept frequently with the nymph Calypso. This double standard that arises many times throughout Odysseus' journey home is evidence of the favor that Homer gives to his male characters.
Although the goddess Athena is very highly honored and portrayed with numerous strong and respectable qualities, her divinity removes her from the possibility of comparison to any mortal woman. By doing this, Homer creates a character that is an unrealistic fantasy of what women should be. When Athena reveals to the crowd around Telemachus and King Nestor that she is a god by turning into an eagle, she is awed after and revered all the more by those people. Although she portrays a strong woman, we are reminded that she does not necessarily represent women as a whole, but the gods instead. Another immortal, the nymph Calypso, is portrayed as an obsessive and irrational person. When she becomes infuriated with Hermes for forcing her to give up Odysseus, she seems just another love-obsessed woman. Not only does Homer portray her as a stereotypical woman in love, but Homer also reveals the sexism between the gods regarding human relationships. Calypso rants about how all the gods are allowed to steal any mortal maiden that they wish, while she is forced to give up her one love Odysseus. The double standard in this context is an obvious display of sexism in Homer's writing.
Work Cited:
Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. London: Penguin Books,1997.
Although the goddess Athena is very highly honored and portrayed with numerous strong and respectable qualities, her divinity removes her from the possibility of comparison to any mortal woman. By doing this, Homer creates a character that is an unrealistic fantasy of what women should be. When Athena reveals to the crowd around Telemachus and King Nestor that she is a god by turning into an eagle, she is awed after and revered all the more by those people. Although she portrays a strong woman, we are reminded that she does not necessarily represent women as a whole, but the gods instead. Another immortal, the nymph Calypso, is portrayed as an obsessive and irrational person. When she becomes infuriated with Hermes for forcing her to give up Odysseus, she seems just another love-obsessed woman. Not only does Homer portray her as a stereotypical woman in love, but Homer also reveals the sexism between the gods regarding human relationships. Calypso rants about how all the gods are allowed to steal any mortal maiden that they wish, while she is forced to give up her one love Odysseus. The double standard in this context is an obvious display of sexism in Homer's writing.
Work Cited:
Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. London: Penguin Books,1997.
October 2, 2008
This week I read an editorial from the Time Magazine website about Sarah Palin. The main focus of this article was explaining the many reasons that, according to the author Belinda Luscombe, American women hate her. The author focuses on very petty reasons for such an outpouring of hatred, like the fact that Sarah Palin is pretty, and thus an object of jealousy and anger from less attractive women. Her extreme confidence is also used against her, however Luscombe does acknowledge that "It's almost impossible to get confidence right. Too timid and you're a pushover. Too self-aggrandizing and you're a bad word unless it's about a dog" (1). I found this article very interesting because it addresses issues that although are rather unimportant in the grand scheme of things, are actually on the minds of many voters, whether consciously or not. An interesting snippet into the scandals that are already arising surrounding Sarah Palin was given when the author mentioned that the Pakistani-head-of state "more or less hit on her", followed by this youtube link.
I would definately recomend this article because it gives us a fresh look on the shallow but common thought processes and ideas that are very present in American society today.
Work Cited:
Luscombe, Belinda. "Why Women Hate Sarah Palin." TIME Magazine 02 Oct 2008 2 Oct 2008 http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1846832,00.html.
I would definately recomend this article because it gives us a fresh look on the shallow but common thought processes and ideas that are very present in American society today.
Work Cited:
Luscombe, Belinda. "Why Women Hate Sarah Palin." TIME Magazine 02 Oct 2008 2 Oct 2008 http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1846832,00.html.
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